Using protonexchangemembrane fuel cells to recover high. Pemfc cells operate at relatively low temperatures below 100 degrees celsius and can tailor electrical output to meet dynamic power requirements. In electrolysis, water is split into its component parts, hydrogen and oxygen, through the following electrochemical reaction. Hydrogen pemfc vehicle vehicle that uses protonexchange membrane fuel. Atomistic and coarsegrained models of polymers dept. Analysis and test of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system for space power applications. Microbial fuel cell, proton exchange membrane, charcoal, cement. The attractiveness of fuel cells lies in their high energy densities compared to batteries and capacitors due to their use of chemical fuels, such as methanol 3. Dual chamber microbial fuel cell mfc with saline catholyte was used in this laboratory scale study on the effect of proton exchange membrane pem diameter on energy output. Pemfc proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc has a solid. Experimental comparison of hydroxide and carbonate conductive ions murat unlu, junfeng zhou, and paul a. Testing protocol development for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell shannon page a thesis presented for the degree of doctor of philosophy in mechanical engineering at the university of canterbury christchurch, new zealand 27 april 2007.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cellsproton exchange membrane fuel cells hyd7007 01 lecture 10. Additionally, fuel cells have different constructions depending on the electrolyte type such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell 39, phosphoric acid fuel cell 40, solid oxide fuel cell sofc. Their distinguishing features include lower temperaturepressure ranges 50 to. Using protonexchangemembrane fuel cells to recover highpurity helium 6 may 2014, by michael angelo rocket engine testing at nasas stennis space center. Proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells are likely to dominate the smaller or more domestic applications of fuel cell technology. Request pdf proton exchange membrane fuel cells the desire to have compact, high power sources with low environmental impact has focused attention on. The large dmfc tells you that the fuel cell is a direct methanol fuel cell, this is a variant of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, what it essentially means is that the mea reforms the methanol to carbon dioxide and hydrogen without any external action required. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells with lowpt content osti. In order to become commercially viable, pemfc bipolar plates must be cheaper, lighter, and more compact. Operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at high current densities is a potential option to reduce fuel cell cost and volume for automotive applications. Part i of this experiment involves the generation of hydrogen gas through electrolysis. For portable applications, proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs have proven to be the most promising choice of fuel cell technology in terms of their low operation temperature. The effect of platinum in nafion for proton exchange.
Flow field patterns for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International journal of hydrogen energy, 38 11, 47344739. Fuel cell which is one of the renewable energy sources, and especially proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is a good candidate to solve this problem because it has low emission, high. The proton exchange membrane also performs as a separator for separating anode and cathode reactants in fuel cells and electrolyzers. Proietti e, jaouen f, lefevre m, larouche n, tian j. Structure, model and energy conservation of proton exchange. An effort is underway to develop a prototype proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell breadboard system for fuhlre space applications. Fuel cells have high material costs, low power density and short lifetime, which are major barriers to their use. Pemfc proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc has a solid polymer membrane as an electrolyte with the working temperature range 50120c which is quite low compared with other types of fuel cell. Because of its lower temperature and special polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is wellsuited for transportation, portable, and micro fuel cell applications. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is one of the most promising green power sources, in which perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomerbased membranes e. Enhancement in proton conductivity and thermal stability. Review of advanced materials for proton exchange membrane. One of the main components of pefcs is the proton exchange membrane which should conduct protons but no electrons and should also separate the.
The purpose of the project was to explain the basics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and to demonstrate how they function using a small working model of a fuel cell powered car. This proton conducting polymer forms the heart of each cell and electrodes usually made of porous carbon with catalytic platinum incorporated into them are bonded to either side of it to form a onepiece membrane electrode assembly mea. This paper focuses on the effect of gradients of pressure, between anode and cathode side, on the performance of the cell and also investigates the effect of these parameters on water management within the cell. This work seeks to understand whether onboard fuel cell systems are technically feasible, and, if so, if they offer a performance advantage for the airplane as a. However, to penetrate these markets the cost of the fuel cell stack must be reduced. This work seeks to understand whether onboard fuel cell systems are technically feasible, and, if so, if they offer a performance advantage for the airplane as a whole. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc are a sustainable means of power generation through electrochemical conversion of hydrogencontaining.
Pem fuel cells use a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst. Fuel cell technology four pemfc stacks illustrating developments through the 1990s. Department of energy sciences lund institute of technology lth, sweden. Fuel cell technology at temperatures above about 60 c, the relative humidity of the exit air is below or well below 100% at all reasonable values of stoichiometry extra humidification of the reactant gases is essential in pem fuel cells operating at above about 60 c very critical to optimize operating temperatures, i. Mass transport through a proton exchange membrane nafion in. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells pefcs are an ideal solution leading to clean energy by directly converting the fuels chemical energy to electricity in order to achieve high degree of ef. Materials properties and performance provides a single resource of information for understanding how to select and develop materials for improved pemfc performance. Polymer membranes for high temperature proton exchange. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc have received attention owing to their low operating temperature and quick startup. Statespace modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. This article describes the background a nd perspective as well as the.
Exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc electrochemical. Effect of pressure in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuelcell applications and portable fuelcell applications. The chemical energy present in a fuel, usually hydrogen, and an oxidant, oxygen, is. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells proton exchange membrane fuel cells v. Two different agaragar saltbridges pem of diameters 12inch and 1inch were used in a plastic microbial fuel cell unit with electrodes manufactured to the same.
Mekanisme pembuatan proton exchange membrane fuel cells n l to e ro fu p e f n o a n br io m ct e du m ro ge p n e a th c h ex lls ce k lic c to ed m it a s er st u it bt le l ty s e. To complete the electrochemical reaction, the proton exchange membrane plays a critical role that conducts protons from anode to cathode through the membrane. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells modeling request pdf. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells pemfc, also referred to as proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc, utilize polymer electrolyte membranes pems, such as nafion, to conduct protons for ion exchange purposes. Structure, model and energy conservation of proton. Limiting current operation of proton exchange membrane. Extraction of the energy proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc are a type of the increasingly developed sustainable energy systems which have been turned into one of the most popular of them in the last decade.
Sep 30, 2009 here, we will discuss briefly several most common types of fuel cells, as well as their characteristics. Moreover, the electronegativity of the o atom on peo may be used to attract protons under anhydrous conditions. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for. Due to recent advancement in the technology, both stationary and automobile applications are thought to give rise to a significant impact on the conventional energy system.
Electrochemical and solidstate letters, b27b30 b27 1099. Currently, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells htpemfc offer several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electroosmotic drag coefficient, good chemicalthermal stability, good mechanical. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells with lowpt content, fig. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell proton exchange. These membranes have been identified as one of the key components for various consumer related applications for fuel cells, e. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells operating on hydrogenlair are being considered as high efficiency, low pollution power generators for stationary and transportation applications. The present compilation describes the proton exchange membranes or polymer electrolyte membranes pems that are both under development and commercialized for direct methanol fuel cells dmfcs. Numerical simulation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell 217 here, we introduce a general 1d pem fuel cell model based on the research work by bernardi and verbrugge 7. During fuel cell operation, water molecules migrate through the membrane under electroosmotic drag. Polymer exchange membrane fuel cells how fuel cells work. Structure, model and energy conservation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells m. Introduction the quest for alternative sources of energy is pertinent at this period of our history when. Here, we will discuss briefly several most common types of fuel cells, as well as their characteristics.
It is believed that protonexchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are going to be exploited as power generation devices for stationary, automotive, and portable applications in the near future because of their high performance and environmental friendliness. Direct methanol fuel cells glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary proton exchange membrane fuel cells employ a polymer ion exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Testing protocol development for a proton exchange. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are considered to be a promising technology for efficient power generation in the 21st century. The effect of platinum in nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells elliott korb university of arkansas, fayetteville. Pemfc consumes mainly hydrogen, methanol, or formic acid 12.
The book focuses on the major components of the fuel cell. Chapter 6 numerical simulation of proton exchange membrane. The present volume focuses on providing updated, detailed background information on key developments in material properties and performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs. They operate on a relatively simple principle of extracting protons and electrons from hydrogen atoms. Willy yanto wijaya there are many types of fuel cells, which are mostly classified based on the types of the electrolytes or fuels being used. As a vessel of protons, the polymer electrolyte membrane requires suf. Pem fuel cells use a solid polymer membrane a thin plastic film as the electrolyte. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells operating near room temperature using hydroxide or carbonate as the conductive ions have been demonstrated and compared. The polymer exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc is one of the most promising fuel cell technologies. Due to its application for many consumer markets, the technology keeps on evolving to make these membranes suitable for longer duration, and even high temperature.
Pdf fuel cell technology is expected to play an important role in meeting the growing demand for distributed power generation. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells johnson matthey. Center 2101 nasa road i houston, texas 77058 abstract. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cellsalso called proton exchange membrane fuel cellsdeliver high power density and offer the advantages of low weight and volume compared with other fuel cells. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are considered to be a promising technology for efficient power generation in the 21st century. This website is a summary of my ubc physics 409d project.
Among the different fuel cell types, the proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell has shown great potential in mobile applications, due to its low operating temperature, solidstate electrolyte. Summer school on materials for the hydrogen society, reykjavik, june 19. The scientific community is focused on the development of inexpensive and highperforming membrane materials for proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells fcs. Although pemfcs are currently at an early commercialisation stage, and moving into volume commercialisation, significant technical challenges still remain. Vivek4 1associate professor, department of mechanical engineering, sri ramakrishna engineering college, nggo colony, coimbatore, tamil nadu, india. Mass transport through a proton exchange membrane nafion. Written by international pemfc scientists and engineers from toplevel organizations, proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The nafion 117 membrane used in this study is generally regarded as having excellent proton conductivity. Pems arent soluble in water, so you have to find 1 a nonaqueous household solvent and 2 a functionalization reaction to perform in said solvent to introduce a protonconducting group e. Exchange membrane pem fuel cells use an electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes to facilitate this reaction shown in figure 1 below. How to make a proton exchange membrane pem at home quora. This protonconducting polymer forms the heart of each cell and electrodes usually made of porous carbon with catalytic platinum incorporated into them are bonded to either side of it to form a onepiece membraneelectrode assembly mea. Journal of the american chemical society, 2 49, 1753117536. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells or polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are the quintessential fuel cell and that which is most often implied when the term fuel cell is used.
Proton exchange membranes pems are one of the most important components in microbial fuel cells mfcs, since pems physically separate the anode and cathode compartments while allowing protons to transport to the cathode in order to sustain an electrical current. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc jens oluf jensen summer school on materials for the hydrogen society, reykjavik, june 19. Nov, 2014 proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for. There have been many successful demonstrations of this technology in recent years. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system on ethanol. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells request pdf researchgate. Hydrogen gas is delivered to the anode of the fuel cell assembly, where it is oxidized to form protons and electrons. A detailed, uptodate treatment of key developments in pemfc materials the potential to revolutionize the way we power our world. Fuel cells have historically played an important role in. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Deployed on a commercial airplane, proton exchange membrane fuel cells may offer emissions reductions, thermal efficiency gains, and enable locating the power near the point of use. Different cases of these gradients have been investigated and compared to the experimental results reported by.
The effect of platinum in nafion for proton exchange membrane. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electrical power. Intervalbased lqr strategy for optimal control of proton. Due to the relatively low temperatures and the use of. Fuel cell guide proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc. Analysis and test of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Kohl,z chemical and biomolecular engineering, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, georgia 303320100, usa anion exchange membrane fuel cells operating near room temperature using hydroxide or. The performance of these types of fuel cells is the best among the others. Modeling and control strategies of proton exchange membrane.
First, lets take a look at whats in a pem fuel cell. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications. Currently, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells htpemfc offer several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electroosmotic drag coefficient, good chemicalthermal stability, good. However, the widespread application of pemfcs is greatly limited by the sharp degradation in electrochemical properties of the proton exchange membranes under high temperature and low humidity conditions. Proton exchange membrane fuel cellsproton exchange membrane fuel cells hyd7007 01 lecture 01. Up to the present, wide spread utilization of pemfcs is not viable because of their cost and durability in the presence of fuel. As with electrolysis, the pem fuel cell employs a redox reaction. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are considered to be a promising technology for clean and efficient power generation in the twentyfirst century. A membrane electrode assembly was fabricated using a poly arylene ether sulfone polymer membrane functionalized with quaternary ammonium cations. The pemfc uses one of the simplest reactions of any fuel cell. New anhydrous proton exchange membrane for intermediate. During operation, the hydrogen, methanol, or formic acid in the anode chamber is oxidized while the oxygen in the cathode chamber is reduced. Manufacturing and performance assessment of stamped, laser welded, and nitrided fecrv stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. For the membrane, duponts polymer nafion was used in varying sizes.
A proton exchange membrane, or pem, fuel cell transforms chemical energy, or hydrogen gas, to electrical energy. This polymer is permeable to protons when it is saturated with water, but it does not conduct electrons. The production of proton exchange membrane fuel ce youtube. Feb 20, 2010 pem fuel cell, aka polymer exchange membrane. But the performance of these fuel cells critically depends on the materials used for the various cell components. Extraction of the energy proton exchange membrane fuel. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc uses a waterbased, acidic polymer membrane as its electrolyte, with platinumbased electrodes.
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfcs are considered to be a promising technology for clean and efficient power generation in the twentyfirst century. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells employ a polymer ion exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Vivek4 1associate professor, department of mechanical engineering, sri ramakrishna engineering. A computer model is being developed concurrently to analytically predict fluid flow in the oxidant reactant system. Doitpoms tlp library fuel cells proton exchange membrane. The major approach to reducing the cost of fcs, which is crucial for the widespread acceptance of fcs as energy sources for various practical applications, is reducing the cost of the membrane. Nuvera fuel cells, cambridge, massachusetts aventine renewable energy, inc. This study, then, is an initial investigation of the use of proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells on board commercial aircraft. Protonexchange membranes are primarily characterized by proton conductivity.
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